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space observatory
A space observatory is any instrument (such as a telescope) in outer space that is used for observation of distant planets, galaxies and other outer space objects. The first such space observatory was the Hubble Space Telescope launched in 1990. Space observatories avoid many of the problems of ground observatories, such as light pollution and the filtering and distortion of electromagnetic radiation (scintillation).
This category is distinct from other observatories located in space that are pointed toward Earth for the purpose of reconnaissance and other types of information gathering.
==History==
In 1946, American theoretical astrophysicist Lyman Spitzer was the first to conceive the idea of a telescope in outer space, a decade before the Soviet Union launched the first satellite, ''Sputnik 1''.〔(【引用サイトリンク】publisher=Hubble Site )〕
Spitzer's proposal called for a large telescope that would not be hindered by Earth's atmosphere. After lobbying in the 1960s and 70s for such a system to be built, Spitzer's vision ultimately materialized into the Hubble Space Telescope, which was launched on April 24, 1990 by the Space Shuttle ''Discovery'' (STS-31).〔(【引用サイトリンク】publisher=Hubble Site )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】publisher=Vic Stathopoulos )〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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